Tranh Hàm Nghi

 

Khi nhắc đến vua Hàm Nghi (1871-1944), lịch sử Việt Nam thường khắc họa ông là một vị hoàng đế yêu nước, thủ lĩnh của phong trào Cần Vương chống Pháp. Tuy nhiên, đằng sau cuộc đời thăng trầm của một vị vua bị lưu đày là một tâm hồn nghệ sĩ lớn.

Literature timeline

Invention of Writing and Earliest Literature [Beginnings to 100 A.D.]

1. Writing was not invented for the purpose of preserving literature; the earliest written documents contain commercial, administrative, political, and legal information, and were created by the first "advanced" civilizations in an area that Westerners commonly call the Middle East.

Nobel Prize Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. As we know, reading books written by the best of best writers is the best way to help us learn and grow. In view of such profound influence brought by reading these classics, we have compiled a list of the best books written by Nobel Prize Winners in Literature.

Cervantes (1547-1616)

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra; 29 September 1547 (assumed) - 22 April 1616) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

Shakespeare (1564-1616)

William Shakespeare; 26 April 1564 (baptised) - 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

Voltaire (1694-1778)

François-Marie Arouet; 21 November 1694 - 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.

Goethe (1749-1832)

Chân dung Goethe được vẽ bở Josef Stieler năm 1828

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; 28 August 1749 - 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman. His works include epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him exist.

Brothers Grimm (1785-1863)

Wilhelm Grimm (left) and Jacob Grimm in an 1855
painting by Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann

The Brothers Grimm (die Brüder Grimm or die Gebrüder Grimm), Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859), were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together collected and published folklore during the 19th century. They were among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, and popularized stories such as "Cinderella" ("Aschenputtel"), "The Frog Prince" ("Der Froschkönig"), "The Goose-Girl" ("Die Gänsemagd"), "Hansel and Gretel" ("Hänsel und Gretel"), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" ("Rumpelstilzchen"), "Sleeping Beauty" ("Dornröschen"), and "Snow White" ("Schneewittchen"). Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in 1812.

Pushkin (1799-1837)

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin; 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 - 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.

Victor Hugo (1802-1885)

Victor Marie Hugo; 26 February 1802 - 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside of France, his most famous works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)

Alexandre Dumas, born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie; 24 July 1802 - 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, père ("father"), was a French writer. His works have been translated into nearly 100 languages, and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte de Bragelonne : Ten Years Later.

Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

Charles John Huffam Dickens; 7 February 1812 - 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity.

Dostoyevsky (1821-1881)

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky (11 Nov. 1821 - 9 Feb. 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoyevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of realistic philosophical and religious themes.

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)

Tolstoy in May, 1908, four months before his 80th birthday (photographed
at Yasnaya Polyana by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky; the first colour photograph taken in Russia)

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy; 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1828 - 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.

Mark Twain (1835-1910)

Twain in February 1871

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel".

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

Photograph taken in 1882 by Napoleon Sarony

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 - 30 November 1900) was a prolific Irish writer who wrote plays, fiction, essays, and poetry. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, as well as the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death.

Conan Doyle (1859-1930)

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May 1859 - 7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes. Originally a physician, in 1887 he published A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels about Holmes and Dr. Watson. In addition, Doyle wrote over fifty short stories featuring the famous detective.

O. Henry (1862-1910)

Portrait of O. Henry, by W. M. Vanderweyde, 1909

William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American short story writer. His stories are known for their surprise endings.

Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940), known professionally as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works illustrate the Jazz Age. While he achieved limited success in his lifetime, he is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.

Hemingway (1899-1961)

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.