Julian Bream

Julian Alexander Bream, CBE (born 15 July 1933), is an English virtuoso classical guitarist and lutenist. One of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century, he played a significant role in improving the public perception of the classical guitar as a respectable instrument.

Early years

Bream was born in Battersea, London, and brought up in a musical environment in Hampton. Bream described his parents as both "conventional suburban", but in another way "very unusual". His father was a commercial artist, with an "extraordinary talent for drawing" and a "natural musician" according to Bream. Bream would lie under the piano in "ecstasy" when his father played. His mother, of Scottish descent, was a very beautiful woman who was often, according to Bream, "not always there" mentally and did not like music, but was a warm-hearted person. His grandmother owned a pub in Battersea, and Bream spent much time there during his youth. His father played jazz guitar and the young Bream was impressed by hearing the playing of Django Reinhardt; he would later call his dog "Django".

Bream began his lifelong association with the guitar by strumming along on his father′s jazz guitar at an early age to dance music on the radio. He became frustrated with his lack of knowledge of harmony, so read instruction books by Eddie Lang to teach himself. His father taught him the basics. The president of the Philharmonic Society of Guitars, Dr Boris Perott, gave Bream further lessons, while his father became the society librarian, giving young Bream access to a large collection of rare music. On his 11th birthday, Bream was given a small gut-strung Spanish guitar by his father. He became something of a child prodigy, at 12 winning a junior exhibition award for his piano playing, enabling him to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music. Aged 13, he made his debut guitar recital at Cheltenham on 17 February 1947; in 1951, he debuted at Wigmore Hall. Leaving the RCM in 1952, Bream was called up into the army for national service. He was originally drafted into the Pay Corps, but managed to sign up for the Royal Artillery Band after six months. This required him to be stationed in Woolwich, which allowed him to moonlight regularly in London with the guitar. After three years in the army, he took any musical jobs that came his way, including background music for radio plays and films. Commercial film, recording sessions and work for the BBC were important to Bream throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s. He played part of a recital at the Wigmore Hall on the lute in 1952, and since has done much to bring music written for the instrument to light. 1960 saw the formation of the Julian Bream Consort, a period-instrument ensemble with Bream as lutenist. The consort led a great revival of interest in the music of the Elizabethan era. Bream pursued a busy career playing around the world. His first European tours took place in 1954 and 1955, followed (beginning in 1958) by extensive touring in the Far East, India, Australia, the Pacific Islands and many other parts of the world. Bream performed for the Peabody Mason Concert series in Boston, first solo, in 1959, and later with the US debut of his Consort. In addition to master classes given in North America, Bream has conducted an international summer school in Wiltshire, England.

Recordings

Bream has recorded extensively for RCA Victor and EMI Classics. These recordings have won him several awards, including four Grammy Awards, two for Best Chamber Music Performance and two for Best Classical Performance. RCA also released The Ultimate Guitar Collection, a multi-CD set commemorating his birthday in 1993. From the beginning of the 1990s Julian Bream continued his recording career with EMI Classics, featuring music by Johann Sebastian Bach, a Concerto album (with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and Sir Simon Rattle), and discs devoted to contemporary works and guitar sonatas. Despite his importance as a classical guitarist, however, many of his RCA recordings (including the series of 20th-century guitar music) were out of print for several years. In 2011, RCA released My Favorite Albums, a 10-CD set of albums chosen by Julian Bream himself. In 2013, RCA issued Julian Bream: The Complete RCA Album Collection, a 40-CD set which also includes two DVDs with The Lively Arts -- Julian Bream: A Life in the Country, the 1976 BBC film; and four BBC shows: Omnibus: Anniversary of Sir William Walton [1982], The Julian Bream Consort (1961), Monitor - Film Profile of Julian Bream [1962], and The Julian Bream Consort (1964).

Later career

A highly successful film, A Life in the Country, was first shown on BBC TV in 1976. In it, the narrator and Bream discuss his beginnings and his life as a concert guitarist. Bream also presented a series of four master-classes for guitarists on BBC TV. In 1984 he made eight films on location in Spain for Channel 4, exploring historical perspectives of Spanish guitar music. In 1991, BBC Radio and TV broadcast Bream's BBC Prom performance of Malcolm Arnold's Guitar Concerto. He also participated in a recital and concerto performances of works by Tōru Takemitsu at the Japan Festival in London with the London Symphony Orchestra. During the 1992-93 season he performed on two separate occasions at the Wigmore Hall - at their Gala Re-opening Festival, and at a special concert celebrating his 60th birthday. In the same period, he toured the Far East, visiting Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and Japan, and performed the premiere of Leo Brouwer's arrangement for guitar and orchestra of Albéniz's Iberia at the Proms. In 1994 Bream made debuts in both Turkey and Israel to great acclaim, and the following year played for the soundtrack to the Hollywood film Don Juan DeMarco. In 1997, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of his debut, he performed a recital at Cheltenham Town Hall. A few weeks later, the BBC dedicated a special television tribute This Is Your Life programme to Julian Bream, filmed after a commemorative concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London. In recent years, his engagements have included a Gala solo performance at the Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool, a Kosovo Aid concert at St. John's, Smith Square, London, with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields recitals at the Snape Proms, Aldeburgh, and at the Norfolk and Norwich Festival and a tour of UK National Trust properties in summer and autumn 2000. In November 2001 he gave an anniversary recital at Wigmore Hall, celebrating 50 years since his debut there in 1951. His final recital was at Maddermarket Theatre, Norwich on May 6, 2002. The 2003 DVD video profile Julian Bream: My Life in Music contains three hours of interviews and performances. It has been declared by Graham Wade "the finest film contribution ever to the classic guitar." It became "GRAMOPHONE DVD of the year". His series Guitarra! was made for Channel 4 television and charts a journey across Spain.

Style and influences

Bream's recitals are wide-ranging, including transcriptions from the 17th century, many pieces by Bach arranged for guitar, popular Spanish pieces, and contemporary music, for much of which he was the inspiration. He has stated that he has been influenced by the styles of Andrés Segovia and Francisco Tárrega. Bream's playing can be characterised as virtuosic and highly expressive, with an eye for details, and with strong use of contrasting timbres.

Dedications and collaborations

Many composers have worked with Bream, and among those who dedicated pieces to him are Malcolm Arnold, Richard Rodney Bennett, Benjamin Britten, Leo Brouwer, Peter Racine Fricker, Hans Werner Henze, Humphrey Searle, Toru Takemitsu, Michael Tippett, William Walton and Peter Maxwell Davies. Britten's Nocturnal is one of the most famous pieces in the classical guitar repertoire and was written with Bream specifically in mind. It is an unusual set of variations on John Dowland's "Come, Heavy Sleep" (which is played in its original form at the close of the piece). Bream has also taken part in many collaborations, including work with Peter Pears on Elizabethan music for lute and voice, and three records of guitar duets with John Williams.

Honours and awards

Bream was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1964 for services to music, and in the Queen's Birthday Honours List of 1985 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the Universities of Surrey (1968), and Leeds (1984). In 1976 he was personally presented with the Villa-Lobos Gold Medal by the composer's widow. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music (1966), and has been honoured with Fellowships of the Royal College of Music (1981) and the Royal Northern College of Music (1983). In 1988 he became an Honorary Member of the Royal Philharmonic Society, and was also presented with the Royal Philharmonic Society Instrumentalist's Award in 1996.

Other details

In 1984 Bream’s arm was seriously injured in a car accident. It cost him great effort to regain his previous technical ability. He is keen on the game of cricket and is a member of the MCC. Bream has said that he had some "sessions" with Segovia but never really studied with him. Segovia provided a personal endorsement and scholarship request to assist Bream in taking further formal music studies. Bream does not consistently hold his right-hand fingers at right angles to the strings, but uses a less rigid hand position for tonal variety. Bream met Igor Stravinsky in Toronto, Canada in 1965. He tried unsuccessfully to persuade the composer to write a composition for the lute and actually played a pavane by Dowland for him. The meeting between Bream and Stravinsky, including Bream's impromptu playing, was filmed by the National Film Board of Canada in making a documentary about the composer. Bream lived for over forty years in a Georgian farmhouse at Semley in Wiltshire. In 2008 he moved to a smaller house in Donhead St Andrew, Wiltshire.

Julian Bream là một trong những nghệ sĩ guitar vĩ đại nhất thế giới. Ngay từ khi mới 17 tuổi, tuy chưa hề trình diễn ngoài Anh Quốc mà danh tiếng của Bream đã vang dội khắp thế giới. Bream lớn lên trong môi trường âm nhạc. Cha của ông đàn guitar Jazz và là trưởng một ban nhạc. Bream thường nghe các băng nhạc Django Reinhardt của cha và từ đó trở nên say mê nét nhạc của tay guitar Jazz phù thủy huyền thoại này. Cha của Bream khuyến khích Bream chơi piano, nhưng đồng thời cũng dạy cho ông chơi guitar. Năm 1944 nhân sinh nhật thứ 11, Bream được cha tặng một cây đàn guitar cổ điển. 1945 Bream đoại một giải piano dành cho người trẻ tuổi. Cũng năm đó, cha của ông cũng đã giới thiệu để Bream xuất hiện tại một buổi biểu diễn do Hội Guitar Cổ điển London tổ chức. Cảm kích trước tài năng nổi bật của Bream, ông Boris Perrot Chủ tịch Hội đã đề nghị dạy cho Bream guitar cổ điển và ông theo học trong vòng một năm. Sau đó chính ông Perrot và Wilfred Appleby đã giới thiệu Julian Bream với Andres Segovia. Sau khi nghe Bream đàn, Segovia rất thích thú và đã truyền cho cậu bé 13 tuổi này vài bài học. Được cha khuyến khích, Bream quyết định tạo dựng sự nghiệp âm nhạc. Năm 15 tuổi, ông được học bổng toàn phần ở Royal College of Music và theo học về piano, hòa âm và soạn nhac ở đây trong 3 năm.

1951, trong buổi biểu diễn ra mắt ở Wigmore Hall, London, Bream đã được giới phê bình nhiệt liệt tán thưởng. Tuy phải gia nhập quân đội Anh trong ba năm (1952-1955), Bream vẫn xuất hiện thường xuyên trên đài phát thanh và truyền hình, cũng như trong các buổi hòa nhạc. Bream bắt đầu lưu diễn ở châu Âu vào những năm 1954 - 1955. Sau đó từ 1958 ông trình diễn khắp Bắc Mỹ, Viễn Đông, Ấn Độ, Úc, các đảo Thái Bình Dương và nhiều miền đất khác trên thế giới. Ngoài việc hướng dẫn các lớp guitar ở Canada và Mỹ, Bream cũng tổ chức các khóa guitar quốc tế mùa hè (International Summer School) ở Wilshire, Anh. Những băng guitar thâu cho hãng RCA đã giúp Bream nổi danh trên thế giới và mang lại cho ông nhiều giải thưởng quan trọng, trong số đó có giải "Award of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences", 2 giải Grammy (1963 và 1966) và 1 giải Edison (1968).

Từ 1952, Bream bắt đầu trình diễn đàn Lute trong chương trình Wigmore Hall Recital và nổi danh nhờ cây đàn Lute, giúp làm sống lại một nhạc cụ đã từng bị bỏ quên trên 300 năm. Bream cũng đã có công góp phần gia tăng số tác phẩm giá trị cho Guitar với những sáng tác của các nhà soạn nhạc danh tiếng như Benjamin Britten, William Walton, Hans Werner Henze, Peter Fricker, Richard Rodney Bennett, Malcolm Arnold, và Lennox Berkley. Julian Bream cũng đã xuất hiện ở những buổi hòa nhạc song tấu và ghi chung ba băng nhạc với đồng nghiệp John Williams, đạt thành công lớn với sự hợp tác này. Ðài BBC cũng đã giới thiệu một chương trình đặc biệt về cuộc đời nghệ sĩ của Bream và 4 chương trình dạy guitar xuất sắc của ông trên đài truyền hình.